26 Association of Research Libraries Research Library Issues 303 — 2022 The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: National Priorities to Combat Misinformation and Disinformation for COVID-19 and Future Public Health Threats: A Call for a National Strategy23 • Pillar 1: Intervene against false and damaging content as well as the sources propagating it • Pillar 2: Promote and ensure the abundant presence and dissemination of factual information • Pillar 3: Increase the public’s resilience to misinformation and disinformation • Pillar 4: Ensure a whole-of-nation response through multisector and multiagency collaboration Opportunities and Challenges for Academic Libraries Across both public strategies, there are common themes that present opportunities for academic library participation. • Theme 1: By adopting a public strategy with collaborative initiatives, libraries could build on existing efforts to share trustworthy information and broaden our reach. • Theme 2: By involving a broad range of stakeholders, libraries could build the social capacity to address the scale and speed of misinformation spread. The stakeholders include social media and technology companies, news organizations and journalists, educators and educational institutions, health professionals, government (including policymakers, national security organizations, and public health agencies), researchers, scientific and public health institutions, funders, foundations, and members of the public.24 25 These different parties reflect the “whole-of-society effort” advocated by the Surgeon General. • Theme 3: By building people’s awareness of misinformation and their skills to detect it, libraries could support misinformation resilience in communities. Misinformation resilience relies on