34 Association of Research Libraries Research Library Issues 302 — 2021 collections budgets and staff expertise—as decision-makers, metadata specialists, acquisitions managers, advisors, developers, or through participation in the infrastructure services’ governance. In order to make informed decisions that help address the sustainability of such resources, libraries need better data about potential investments in order to assess them against agreed-upon criteria. They also need better data about contributions from their own organizations and those of their peers. Initiatives like Invest in Open Infrastructure (IOI), SCOSS (the Global Sustainability Coalition for Open Science Services), and the Open Access Community Investment Program (OACIP) are welcome and emergent, with intention and promise to address this critical data gap. The Importance of Data David W. Lewis’s 2017 article “The 2.5% Commitment”2—suggesting that academic libraries commit 2.5% of their total budgets to supporting the common infrastructure needed to power an open scholarly commons—marked a watershed moment in discussions of library collective action. The paper was widely discussed online and at professional conferences, and cited in the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) “2018 Top Trends in Academic Libraries.”3 In “Top Trends,” ACRL’s Research Planning and Review Committee said that to meet the 2.5% objective (or any funding target), collections managers would need to “establish clear policies that outline parameters for the support and funding of specific open access initiatives and programs.” Lewis acknowledged the need for such policies. Among the first steps necessary to achieving widespread commitment, he suggested, were the establishment of criteria to identify worthy open scholarly infrastructure, and the creation of “a digital platform…to provide academic libraries a means of accounting for their contributions.” In other words, investing in open infrastructure would require an infrastructure of its own. Several large- scale national and international projects have emerged to understand and address this need, and in the process help research libraries