84 · Representative Documents: Academic Integrity &Plagiarism
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Guidelines for Avoiding Plagiarism, Self-Plagiarism, and Questionable Writing Practices
http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/msl/subjects/images/plagiarism_26_guidelines.pdf
Guidelines for Avoiding Plagiarism, Self-Plagiarism, and Questionable Writing
Practices
The following guidelines are taken directly from “Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other
questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing” by Miquel Roig
Guideline 1: An ethical writer ALWAYS
acknowledges the contributions of others and
the source of his/her ideas.
Guideline 2: Any verbatim text taken from
another author must be enclosed in quotation
marks.
Guideline 3: We must always acknowledge
every source that we use in our writing whether
we paraphrase it, summarize it, or enclose it
quotations.
Guideline 4: When we summarize, we
condense, in our own words, a substantial
amount of material into a short paragraph or
perhaps even into a sentence.
Guideline 5: Whether we are paraphrasing or
summarizing we must always identify the source
of your information.
Guideline 6: When paraphrasing and/or
summarizing others’ work we must reproduce
the exact meaning of the other author’s ideas or
facts using our words and sentence structure.
Guideline 7: In order to make substantial
modifications to the original text that result in a
proper paraphrase, the author must have a
thorough understanding of the ideas and
terminology being used.
Guideline 8: A responsible writer has an ethical
responsibility to readers, and to the author/s
from whom s/he is borrowing, to respect others’
ideas and words, to credit those from whom we
borrow, and whenever possible, to use one’s
own words when paraphrasing.
Guideline 9: When in doubt as to whether a
concept or fact is common knowledge, provide a
citation.
Guideline 10: Authors who submit a manuscript
for publication containing data, reviews,
conclusions, etc., that have already been
disseminated in some significant manner (e.g.,
published as an article in another journal,
presented at a conference, posted on the
internet) must clearly indicate to the editors and
readers the nature of the previous
dissemination.
Guideline 11: Authors of complex studies
should heed the advice previously put forth by
Angell &Relman (1989). If the results of a single
complex study are best presented as a
‘cohesive’ single whole, they should not be
partitioned into individual papers. Furthermore, if
there is any doubt as to whether a paper
submitted for publication represents fragmented
data, authors should enclose other papers
(published or unpublished) that might be part of
the paper under consideration (Kassirer &
Angell, 1995). Similarly, old data that have been
merely augmented with additional data points
and that are subsequently presented as a new
study can be an equally serious ethical breach.
Guideline 12: Because some instances of
plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and even some
writing practices that might otherwise be
acceptable (e.g., extensive paraphrasing or
quoting of key elements of a book) can
constitute copyright infringement, authors are
strongly encouraged to become familiar with
basic elements of copyright law.
Guideline 13: While there are some situations
where text recycling is an acceptable practice, it
may not be so in other situations. Authors are
urged to adhere to the spirit of ethical writing
and avoid reusing their own previously published
text, unless it is done in a manner consistent
with standard scholarly conventions (e.g., by
using of quotations and proper paraphrasing).
Guideline 14: Authors are strongly urged to
double-check their citations. Specifically, authors
should always ensure that each reference
notation appearing in the body of the manuscript
corresponds to the correct citation listed in the
reference section and vice versa and that each
source listed in the reference section has been
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