the implementation of an open-access fund and, in this issue of RLI, summarizes some of the major considerations involved when undertaking this activity. Library Strategies As content formats change, libraries seek new ways to make that content available. Since libraries and consortia license a significant amount of digital content on behalf of the user community, it is appropriate to look to changes in terms and conditions that would ensure that content be made as open as possible. In this issue of RLI, Ivy Anderson describes an effort by an ad hoc working group to add a clause to content licenses in order to include author self-archiving rights. The draft clause is now being circulated to libraries, their stakeholders (both internal and external), and the broader library community to gather comments and encourage discussion. In addition to licenses, libraries are involved in a number of other activities to open up content. Foremost in this set of activities is the digitization of special collections, the participation in mass digitization projects, the support for electronic theses and dissertations, and the exposing of metadata for works held in library collections. Research libraries also manage repositories and support publishing activities (particularly for journals) on behalf of their institutions. These strategies have become component parts for a new open system of scholarly communication. Author Strategies Ultimately, though, decisions about opening up content are the responsibility of the copyright holder. There are several strategies now in place that authors can use to open their content. Libraries have been engaging authors in discussions for many years about their rights as copyright holders. Before publication, author-rights addenda developed by SPARC and local campuses have been used by many authors to modify their publishing agreements. In recent years, authors have been encouraged to use Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/) and Science Commons (http://sciencecommons.org/) licenses. As authors are finding bibliographic data about their published work on the Internet, they have become interested in opening up the full content. In her article, Melissa Levine describes a newly developed HathiTrust permissions agreement by which authors can designate that their work be made available. RLI 269 3 Strategies for Opening Up Content ( C O N T I N U E D ) APRIL 2010 RESEARCH LIBRARY ISSUES: A BIMONTHLY REPORT FROM ARL, CNI, AND SPARC