• How do challenges sort out in terms of policy and technology? There appear to be few or no technology barriers to developing mechanisms for institutions to harvest or submit content. With regard to submission, many publishers have successfully implemented workflows to transfer works to PubMed Central, and it should be straightforward for institutions to develop parallel services. Similarly, harvesting works from PubMed Central should be technologically uncomplicated. Although only a small proportion of deposited works are open access, sufficient numbers are held in the archive to form a modest corpus of open access articles that repositories could begin harvesting and using for experiments with repository services based on harvested content. Institutions (even though they are grantees) largely lack the limited rights they need to either submit or harvest works produced by their grant- funded authors. This concern is not limited to PubMed Central and the NIH policy, but would apply to any other funder’s requirements. In fact, in many cases institutions do not necessarily have the limited copyright license they need to hold their authors’ work in their own repositories. • What are the author rights required for repository deposit and how can institutions assist authors in conveying appropriate rights to institutions hosting repositories? A wide range of rights-transfer agreements are used by publishers and these vary substantially regarding the extent to which authors retain the ability to grant their institutions limited licenses to store and disseminate their work through repositories. Some publishers grant authors the necessary rights automatically but many do not. Institutions hosting repositories do not need the authors’ full copyright or first-publication rights. They do need sufficient limited rights to hold, manage, use, and share works. Broad usage rights for the institution are important to support core activities around research and teaching. Reuse, text mining, and digital preservation are just a few examples of rights that are needed. RLI 263 27 Achieving the Full Potential of Repository Deposit Policies ( C O N T I N U E D ) APRIL 2009 RESEARCH LIBRARY ISSUES: A BIMONTHLY REPORT FROM ARL, CNI, AND SPARC Repository services will achieve their full potential when they support the broadest possible dissemination of funded research and offer the fullest possible rights for reuse.